Piston engine



Aug. 26, 1930. A. R. J. BnlsslERl-z PISTON ENGINE Filed Ilarch 14, 1929 lll/,11,11 11 11 14411 i i Utr Patented Aug-26, 19.3()

- s-rns .ENT- GFFICE i ADQLPHE HENRI :aE-nn' Josnrn BOssIERE, or nnUssnLs, BELGIUM y .n v yrigs'ror'r' ENGINE.

vAmancanfm niet Mailen 1 4, ieee, serial no. 346,992, ane-1&1I Belgium March 15, 1192s.

The present invention relates to engines with pistons travelling in! opposite directions, in which the elements having a reciprocating movement inthe same "cylinder are located 5 on the same axis and areexactly balanced.

The motoiaccording to the presentinvention is characterized in that one of the spaces of variablevolume, in which the work of the driving fluid, in the case for instance'of an I internal combustion engine, is carried out and the bottoms of which are kconstituted by pis- ,tons moving in oppositerdirections, has its lateral walls formed by a cylindricalV sleeve, which forms part ofk one ofthe pistons and whilst both pistons are `causedto cooperate to Athe compression f of the driving fluid. The enginesbuilt according to this-principle differ, ofcourse, according to thenature of thefiiuid employed and yaccording to Y their cycle kof Workingf- The invention will be describedl hereafter, merely by way of example, as applied to an internal'combustionengine, in which t-he two pistons moving in opposite directions, one ofwhichforms a cylindrical'sleeve for the other, act, on rthe other hand, by means of their other faces, on the Lcombustible mixture, which theysuck and compress in the chambers or spaces formed between eachof the pistons andthe corresponding end lof the outer casing of the engine or a stationary piston or plug. A motor constructed inr this way is Vdiagraimnatically illustratedon Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing, Vwhich is alongituf dinal sectional view-thereof, whilst Figs.' 2 and 3v are diagrammaticnviews illustrating the position of the pistons and the various ports at both ends of the strolrerof said pistons. Vith reference to these figures, the engine comprises a casing 1 in suitable material, in

which are formed cooling chambers andv the' Vvarious fluidv distributing and connecting channels which may be required. The innerk vsurface of the casingl` is formed as a cylinder 2, in which shiftsafpiston 5,'a'second piston 6 shifting `inside said yfirst pistonA 5. The cylinder 2'is closedatoneend by a head 8, whilst its other end is connected with the crank case 4 on which the casinglis mounted.

.in 'which the other piston is adapted to' move, Y

jinvention, there Vare three spaces of Variable` through the medium of a central connecting' rod112,1vvhilst each of the lateral cranks 13 ing rods 14h For this purpose, the connecting lare given a reciprocating movement, so that 4loth .pistons 5.and 6 are formed lof the prop-.7.

der 2 and the inner cylindrical surface of its `55 vsleeve facts as cylinder for the piston 6, the

sleeve 8 of which isoutwardly guided by the i rsleeve 7 and inwardly guided by an element 9, which can be compared to a stationary pis.- ton and'which is rigidly secured to the casing l4 or the cranlrcase 1 1-, Piston rings or other meansto securethe fluid-.tightnessof t-he Vpistons are provided between the various pistons and their respective cylinders.

lnvan enginejconstructed according to the 6,5

volume firstly, the'space enclosed by the portion of thek cylinder 2 comprised between the head 3 and the-piston 5;'secondly, the space in which works the drivingfluid and which is contained inside the sleeve7 and between the pistons f5 and 6; and thirdly, the space comprised between theV sleeve'8, the pistonl 6 and the stationary-piston. As will be de'-L Y. scribed hereafter, the necessary ports are formed, in the Vappropriate spots, in the casing land inthe sleeves 7` and 8, and channels are providedto connect-to one another the yvarious above-mentionedv spaces The driving shaft 10 is formed with a crank shaft having three cranks per cylinder. vThe n cranks corresponding to each piston of a cylinder 'are at 180 to one another. The'central cranlrll is driven fromv the Vlower piston`6,

receiveshalf of the efforts transmitted from the piston 5 through the medium of connectrods V14 arepivotally mounted on pins 15 pro'- jecting outwardly of the sleeve 7. This arrangement of the cranks and connecting rods allows the opposite movements of the pistons 5 and 6to be effected withk a perfect centering of all theeflorts. Moreover, the weights of each piston with its sleeve and of the connecting rods'being exactly equal, permits of accurately balancing all the elements which not the slightest vibration, nor any other reimparted to the framework. rlhe engine is, of course, fitted with suitable devices for the lubrication and for other accessory functions.

In the case of an internal combustion engine employing'a volatile combustible Iniziture, such as a mixture oi gasoline-and air, which has to be sucked, compressed', ignited by means of an electric spark, expanded and discharged, the arrangement of the fluid distribution means and its working are as follows: the induction pipe 16 coming from the carburetter is divided into two pipes leading to the ends of the induction and compression chambers 2 and 17 The ports 18 and 18 of these pipes are only uncovered when thev pistons reach the end oftheir respective strokes, i. e. when the pistons and 6 are in the position in which they are nearest to eachother in the central portion oi. the casing. The ports 18 are then `uncovered by the upper edge of the piston 5 and the ports 18, register with corresponding ports 19, pierced through the sleeve 8.0i the piston 6, and with port 30 pierced in the sleeve 7,'which ports coincide ai: that moment (see Fig. 8). rlhe combustible mixture then owsinto the spaces 2 and 17, due to the depression kwhich `has been produced therein by the pistons coming nearenf. As soon as the movement of the pistons in the opposite direction has cominenced, the ports 18, 18 are again covered,

so that the combustible mixture iiliing the chambers2 .and 17 is compressed into the channel 26 up to the desired eXtent,.-which in practice is generally small. f

When this extent ofi: vcompression is reached and ythus whenthe pistons have come to the outer ends of their stroke, under the action of the expansion of the previous charge, ports 20, formed in the sleeve f7. of the piston 5, uncover the channels 21 leading 'to the eX'- haust pipe 22 (Fig. 2). At the saine time, the ports 23, formed in the sleeve 7, and the ports 24 in the sleeve 8, which coincide at this moment with the ports 25ct sleeve 7, uncover the inletsto the connecting channels 26, which terminate at the ports 23 and allor,Y

vthe slightly'compressed iuid to flow into the upper port-ion of the work cylinder. The 'result of this is that notcnly are the combustion products discharged under the action of their own pressure, but they are, moreover, scaveiiged or swept away by the fresh gases flowing into the cylinder at its other end with an eddying movement due to the inclinationof the inlet poits.

Vhen approaching one another, the pistoiis 5 and 6 finish the compression of the ycom'bustil'ile mixture, while the inlet ports have `again been coveredV from the start oi' the approaching movementoi the pistons.

When the pistons' have come back to the central end of their strokes, the electric spark is produced at the spark plug 27r and the mixture is ignited. The mixture then burns and expands during the neXt stroke of the pistons moving apart from one another and the cycle starts over again.

It will be understood that in this way the motor according to the invention works as a two-stroke motor, the theoretical advantages of which are well known. The cooling of Athe casing 1 is ei'ected by meansof a cool- Ving fluid passing through chambers 28 forni-ed in said casing.

, The ports 20 and 8O pierced in the sleeve 7 may be very close to each other and may even be formed as one port, yas shown on F ig. 1, where numerals 2() and 30 indicate one and thesame port'. l l

It must be understood that the invention is not restricted to its application to internal combustion engines, but that it can be'applied to piston engines of all kinds and making use of any driving means whatever, when the necessary arrangements, corresponding to those engines, are brought to it. The device with its accessory parts, according to the invention, can thus be applied wit-hout the slightest diiiiculty to engines making use of mineral oils of high speciiic gravity-and also to steam engines, when a few modifications are brought to it.

On the other hand, the device according to the invention can also be used as a coinpressor and even compound compression can be effected with it 'when the'spaces 2,17 and 29 are properly made `use of and when the thickness et all the sleeves is varied in a suitable way, without changing the equality .of the weights of the pistons, by using appropriate metals therefor, and when said spaces are connected by suitably arranged means. i

In all cases, the principal advantages of the invention are obtained, i. e. a high then Vmal efficiency and an exact mechanical balancing, this result being due to the various constructioiial principles oi' the invention,

`that is the construction of'motors or compressors with pistons moving in opposite directions, 1n which each piston is `provided vwitha sleeve, one of said sleeves acting as cylinder for the other piston, the second -sieeve acting as cylinder for a stationary pis- `moment when the inlet ports are uncovered,

a "violent iiame penetrates into the work chamber and almost instantaneously ignites the whole charge, whilst the wali's of the sleeves cannot be heatedto a harmful eirteiit, due to the :tact that they move a'nd come in Contact with cooled surfaces.

` ris in said casing acting as cylindertherefor, a

I claim l. In a piston engine, coniprising'inconibination: ahollow casing,acrank case connected to one end of said casing, means to close the other end thereof, afpistonwitlia fitting in said second sleeve and actingas stationary lpist-on therein, means connecting both Vsaid sleeves to the driving'shaft rotating in the crank case, the arrangement being such that the two pistons move in opposite direcf tions, and the weight of the pistons, 'sleeves andnieans connecting same tothe driving shaft kbeing such tliatt all the'- reciprocating elements are perfectlyv balanced, vand inlet andoutlet means fortliev working fluid into and from the spaces of variable volumecom prised between thefirst pistonand the closed end of thecasing, the first and second pistons and the `second lpiston .and lsaidstationary element. f n s 2. In a piston engine, comprising: a cylindricalfhollow casing, cooling ychambersy in the walls of said casing,ahead closing one end of said'casing, a: crank :case connectedto the otherrend thereof, a pistonwith a cylindrical sleeve depending therefrom adapted to move in said cylindrical casing, afsecond pistonwith a cylindrical' sleeve de endingV there-* from adaptedftomovein said irst cylindrical sleeve,-a.stationary cylindrical element secured to a stationarypart oftheiengine and fitting insaid secondcylindrical sleeve, said stationary element being hollow and yopen at its end adjoining said. second piston, means providedbetwe-en said first piston and said cylindrical casing, betweensaidsecond piston and saidfirst-cylindrical sleeve and between said stationary -element andsaid secondcylindrical sleeve to ensure they fluid-tightness thereof, means connecting both said ksleeves to the driving shaft rotating in the crank case, the arrangement being such that the two pistons move in opposite directions, and the weight of thek pist-ons, sleeves and kmeans fconnecting sameto the drivingsliaft being such that all the reciprocating elements fare .pers fectly balanced, and inlet and outletA means for the working fluid vvinto and from the spaces of variable volume comprised-between the vfirst piston and `the .closed end of the casing, the first andsecond pistons and the vsecond piston and said stationary element.

3. In a piston engine, comprising'in coinbinatioii: a hollow casing, a crankcase connected'to one end of'said casing, .means to close the other end thereof, a piston with a sleeve depending therefrom adapted to move second piston with a sleeve depending therefrom adapted to move in said first sleeve acting as cylinder therefor, astationary element fitting in said second sleeve and acting as stationary piston therein, a crankV shaft comprising three cranks at 180D to one another contained in said crank case,a connecting rod connecting the second sleeve to the central crank, two connecting rodsl pivotally connected `respectively to opposite partsv ofl said sleeve and respectivelyto each yoff-the lateral cranks, the weights of said pistons, sleeves.andconnecting rods being such that all' the reciprocating elements are perfectlyl balanced', and inlet and outlet means for the working fluid into Vand from the spacesof variable-volume comprised between the-firstv piston and the closedA end of the casing,the

first `and second pistons and the second piston and said stationary element.

:4. vIn a piston engine, comprising in combination: a hollow casing, a crank case con-- Vthat the two. pistons move in opposite direc;

tions, andthe weightsV of the. pistons, sleeves' andgmeans connect-ing same to the driving sliaftbeing such that all the reciprocating el"- ments k'are perfectly balanced,-inlet means for the working fluid intov the spacesfof variable volume comprised between the closed endy of the casing and the first piston and between kthe second piston and saidstationary element, means kto cause the slightly compressed fluid from both said spaces ofvariable volume to pass into a third space of variable volume comprised between "both said pistons,and

outlet means for the fluid out of Vsaid last-,f

mentioned space. f

5. Ina piston engine,comprising in combination: a hollow casing, a crank case connectedto one end of said casing, means to close the other end thereof, a piston witha sleeve depending therefrom adapted to1 move in said'casing acting' as cylinder therefor,a

second pistonwitli asleeve depending therefrom adapted to move in said first sleeve actv ing ascylinder,therefor, a stationaryelement lfitting in said -second sleeve and acting as stationary piston` therein, means connecting bothsaid sleeves tothe driving` shaft rotating in the crank case, .the arrangement being such e that'the two pistons move in opposite direc-r tions, and the weights ofthe pistons, sleeves and ine'ansconnecting same to the driving shaft being such that all the reciprocating elements are perfectly balanced, fluid supply and discharge channels, ports formed in the walls of said casing, both said sleeves and said nitermediate element being adapted to register at a given moment of the stroleof fthe pistons, the arrangement being such that the working fluid is let in into the spaces of variable-volume comprised between the closed end of the casing and the first piston and betweenthe second piston and said intermediate element when the pistons are in their nearest position in relation to keach other, that said fluid flows from both said spaces into the third space of variable volume comprised between the two pistons during the separating movement ofthe pistonsand that the fluid flowing in' said last-mentioned space sweeps away the fluid of the previous charge when the pistons are in their farthest relative position.

6. In a piston engine, comprising in combination: a hollow casing, a crank case conl nocted to one end of said casing, means to close the other. end thereof, a piston with a sleeve depending Vtherefrom adapted to move in said casing acting as cylinder therefor,

ai second piston with a sleeve depending therefrom adapted to move in said first sleeve acting as cylinder therefor, a stationary element fitting in said second sleeve and acting as stationary piston therein, means connect-ing both said sleeves to the driving shaft rotating in the cranlr` case, the arrangement being such that the two pistons move in opposite directions, and the weights of the pistons, sleeves and means connect-ing f same to the driving `shaft being such that all the reciprocating elements are perfectly bal anced, fluid supply anddischarge channels, ports formed in the walls o-f said casing, both said'sleeves and said intermediate .element being adapted to register at a given moment of the stroke of thepistons, the arrangementbeing such that the working fluid is let in into the spaces of variable volume com'-,

prised between the closedv end of the casing f and the first piston and between the second piston and said intermediate element when the pistons are in their nearest position in relation to each other, that said fluid flows from both said spaces into the third space of variable voluinepcomprised between the two pistons during the separating movement ofthe pistons, and that the fluid flowing .in said last-mentioned` space sweeps therefrom adapted to move in said cylindrical casing, a second piston with a cylindrical sleeve depending therefrom adapted to move in said first cylindrical sleeve, a stationary cylindrical element secured to a stationary partof the' engine and fitting in said second cylindrical sleeve, said stationary element being hollow land open at its end adjoining sai d second piston, means provided between said first piston and said cylindrical casing, between said second piston and said first cylindrical sleeve and between said stationary element and said second cylindrical sleeve to ensure the fluid-tightness thereof, means connecting both said sleeves to the driving shaft rotating in the crank case, the arrangement being such that the two pistons move in opposite directions, and the Weights of the pistons, sleeves and means connecting same tothe driving shaft being such that all the reciprocating elements are perfectly balanced, connecting channels adapted to set the three spaces of variable volume comprised between the pistons, the head and the stationary element in communication with one another, ports formed in the walls of said casing, both said sleeves and said stationary element being adapted to register at a given moment of the stroke of the pistons, the arrangement being such that, when the pistons are in their nearest relative position, the working fluid flows into the spacesof variable volume comprised between the close/d end of the casingv and the first piston and between the second piston and said stationaryYv element, 'that when the pistons move apart, the fluid from said two spaces flows into said connecting channels, that at t-he end of the separating movement of the pistons said compressed iiuid flows from said connectingchannels into the space of variable volnme between the two pistons and sweeps away the fluid of the previous charge thereout, that when the pistons move nearer to each other, the iiuid in the last-mentioned space is `compressed and the fluid in the rst two spaces is expanded, and a spark plug adapted to ignite the charge in said space comprised between the two pistons at the end of the compression movement of the pistons, whereby the kengine works as a two stroke engine.

In testimony whereof I signed hereunto my name.

ADDLPHE HENRI REN JOSEPH BOISSRE. 

